La teología del sacerdocio de Joseph Ratzinger se condensa en un concepto: “misión”. Los clásicos principios de origen, institución, contenido de la misión o sucesión apostólica quedan articulados desde la “misión”. El presente artículo es una aproximación a esta categoría en la teología del teólogo alemán. El presupuesto es la comprensión del sacerdocio que Ratzinger tiene. Tras el mismo, sigue un estudio más específico sobre la comprensión del término “misión”. Este se descubre como un eje que articula dos puntos: origen (...) del ministerio y destinatarios del mismo. El estudio concluye con algunas implicaciones sobre la teología del sacerdocio y sobre su configuración concreta en el momento presente. (shrink)

Psychosocial work factors are implicated in the development of stress and job satisfaction. This relationship has been scarcely studied in so-called singular activities, as is the case of professional drivers. This cross-sectional study of 601 professional drivers assesses psychosocial risks and job satisfaction using Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and Overall Job Satisfaction questionnaire models. The values of the psychosocial scales of professional drivers were compared with thresholds values of the Spanish working population. The relationships of the psychosocial scales with the level (...) of job satisfaction were examined using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, length of driving license and years of experience. In general, professional drivers have an unfavorable psychosocial environment compared to the average Spanish workers. The relationship between psychosocial scales and job satisfaction is observed, with the most influential variables being the meaning and development of work, integration in the company, social relations, esteem and level of psychological demands. (shrink)

Esta obra se concentra en cuatro temas cruciales de la formación de docentes, tanto antes como durante el servicio y en la enseñanza en diferentes áreas y niveles educativos. En primer lugar, se aborda el asunto de las creencias que los docentes tienen sobre el proceso educativo, las cuales parecen influir en la práctica profesional que estos desarrollan y, por lo tanto, deberían recibir la atención explícita de los procesos de formación de docentes que deseen promover prácticas específicas. El segundo (...) tema de la obra es la relación entre la formación de docentes y la política pública que la rige. En particular, se analizan las reformas curriculares implementadas por varias licenciaturas en universidades privadas colombianas, en respuesta a reformas a la normatividad sobre las condiciones de calidad que a las que deben ajustarse todas las licenciaturas del país. El tercer tema analizado es en qué medida los docentes en educación superior van más allá del dominio de su saber disciplinar atribuyendo importancia a la pedagogía, la didáctica y la práctica reflexiva en su propia práctica docente. Finalmente, se discuten aspectos de la formación de docentes relacionados con los procesos vividos y los retos encontrados por los docentes al entrar en la profesión, su socialización en la comunidad docente, sus identidades como maestros y su motivación para ser docentes. Vale la pena señalar que las contribuciones a este libro comparten el uso de metodologías cualitativas y presentan los resultados de historias de vida, entrevistas, observaciones, y análisis documentales, entre otros. (shrink)

Introduction: Resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct associated with positive growth and the capacity to transform stressful and negative factors into opportunities of personal development and self-improvement when faced with difficult experiences. The resilience process of each individual integrates multiple analysis levels, which range from genetic-environmental interactions to a complex process of adaptation between the individual and his/her family, friends, co-workers, society, and culture.Objective: To determine whether resilience improves in students of occupational therapy when exposed for the first time (...) to practice placement education.Methodology: Quasi-experimental, prospective, observational, multi-center study with a sample composed of students from the Degree of Occupational Therapy of the public universities of Málaga and Castilla-La Mancha. Two weeks prior to the beginning of the practice education period, the participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and the area of their internships. They were also given the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson's resilience scale. All these instruments were also completed 1 week after the end of the clinical practice.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the variables that make up resilience and the different internship areas. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of global resilience after the clinical practice period, in both women and men, when the internship area was not considered.Conclusions: The results show that resilient students are more optimistic and work to improve a situation beyond doing simply what is expected of them, knowing how to control their feelings. This is beneficial for students in practice education, since, during these, they face difficult situations that require a resilient pattern, which helps reduce stress and the burnout syndrome. (shrink)

In Mexico, there is little research on the study of self-injury and even less on possible explanatory models. With this in mind, this study aimed to determine the relationship between self-injury and depression, emotional dysregulation, and coping styles, to generate an explanatory model of the problem. The study was carried out using a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory scope, design and a sample of 5835 adolescents enrolled in 62 public high schools in the state of Sonora. Logistic regressions were performed for data (...) analysis, and as a result it was found that, for students with severe self-injury, the model explains 61 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 84.1 % of the participants; whereas, in mild self-injury, the model explains 72 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 88.2 % of the students. Likewise, the depression dimensions showed the highest explanatory level and positive correlations with emotional dysregulation and avoidance coping style, as well as negative correlations with approach coping style. At the end, the importance of the independent variables for future research is discussed, as well as anomalous results and other data of interest. (shrink)

Podría decirse que uno de los debates que ha generado más discusiones, reflexiones y producciones al respecto en todas las corrientes de la filosofía ha sido sobre la existencia, naturaleza e influencia de Dios en el mundo. En el presente artículo se expondrán cinco paradojas planteadas por diversos filósofos que abrirían la posibilidad de negar las perfecciones de Dios desde su naturaleza: su omnipotencia y su bondad. Una vez planteado cada problema, se expondrán las posibles soluciones a cada uno, mostrando (...) que estos parten de ambigüedades, contradicciones o incomprensiones de la teoría cristiana. Adicional a lo anterior, se mostrará cómo esas respuestas podrían solucionar problemas filosóficos relacionados a la necesidad, la libertad y la determinación. (shrink)

In this work we will analyze the main features of Sartre’s ontological-phenomenological theory in Being and Nothingness, linking them with some key historical precedents. By clarifying the connections of this theory with the former philosophical tradition on the subject of Being, its role in existence, reality’s nature and its relation to the phenomenon, the actual contribution of Sartre in this matter is demonstrated.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comentar algunas prohibiciones del padre Miguel Ángel de Tamburini y del padre Francisco Retz explicando los conceptos fundamentales de dichas prohibiciones a través de un método analítico y relacionándolos posteriormente bajo un método sintético con los argumentos presentados. Esto último permitirá realizar una reconstrucción de las prohibiciones cuyo ensamble se consolidará en argumentos breves. Asimismo, evaluar cuáles pueden ser las causas o los fundamentos que subyacen en las prohibiciones mismas, es decir, evaluar las causas de (...) su veto. Finalmente, determinar las implicaciones filosóficas de las prohibiciones desde Descartes, Leibniz y Spinoza y sus correspondientes visiones de la Creación, la voluntad, el determinismo y el principio de individuación. (shrink)

RESUMEN ¿Es real el conocimiento/pensamiento que tenemos sobre las cosas o son solo apariencias? En este artículo se expondrá el problema de la realidad en los filósofos antiguos como una correspondencia entre el τὸ ὄν y el λόγος como pregunta clave en la concepción de la metafísica griega. A partir de esto se explicará por qué en los griegos surge la necesidad de plantear la φύσις como completa y de emprender una búsqueda de una teoría inmanentista a partir de un (...) análisis lógico de argumentos de diversos filósofos antiguos. Finalmente, se mostrará cómo el escepticismo derriba esta correspondencia y logra plantear límites a la razón para acceder a la verdad, lo cual permitió plantear la necesidad de realizar un paso de una metafísica inmanente a una trascendente. ABSTRACT Could the knowledge/thought we have about the things that surround us be real, or is it only an appearance? In this article, the problem of reality for ancient philosophers will be addressed as a correspondence between τὸ ὄν and λόγος as a key element in the conception of Greek metaphysics. Using this as a starting point, it will be explored why the Greeks need to set out φύσις as a whole and to begin the search of an immanence theory from a logical analysis of the argument of diverse ancient philosophers. Finally, it will also be shown how skepticism tears down this correspondence and is even able to establish boundaries to reason in order to access the truth. This allowed to expose the necessity to make a transition from an immanent metaphysics to a transcendent one. (shrink)

Resumen Aunque Carlos Arturo Truque sigue siendo poco conocido, no podemos hablar de literatura afrocolombiana, ni colombiana, sin su aporte. Con una producción literaria dispersa en publicaciones periódicas, el chocoano apuesta por el cuento cuando este no era suficientemente valorado en su país. Vivan los compañeros recoge todos sus cuentos, en los que se acerca tanto a los personajes excluidos de la sociedad como a los episodios de la historia colombiana más “vergonzosos”, desde un lenguaje que se aleja de todo (...) academicismo. Su obra, calificada en la época de “literatura sucia”, y ubicada concretamente en el Chocó y el puerto de Buenaventura, no es ajena a cualquier injusticia humana. Además, la necesidad de Truque de plasmar el habla de su comunidad no le impide contemplar las nuevas técnicas narrativas que llegaban entonces de Norteamérica. Así, renueva el cuento colombiano desde el plano formal y de contenido.Although Carlos Arturo Truque is still not well known, we cannot talk about Afro-Colombian, or Colombian literature, without mentioning his contribution. With an unfocused literary production in periodic publications, the “chocoano” bets on the short story when this genre was not highly valued in his country. Vivan los compañeros collects all his short stories, where he approaches the excluded characters of society as well as the more “shameful” episodes of Colombian history, from a language that distances itself from all academic art. His work, described at the time as “dirty literature” and specifically located in Chocó and the port of Buenaventura, is not alien to any human injustice. Besides, the need for Truque to express the speech of his community does not prevent him from contemplating new narrative techniques coming from North America. Thus, he renews the Colombian short story from the formal level and its content. (shrink)

Actualmente abundan conceptualizaciones sobre pensamiento crítico. Gran parte de estas se enfocan en habilidades cognitivas, otras en resolución de problemas; algunas más, en toma de decisiones y acción; y otras, que integran los elementos nombrados. Ante la proliferación de concepciones surge la necesidad de hacer una clasificación de estos modelos en aras de comprender mejor sus enfoques y, en especial, la incidencia de las corrientes filosóficas en los elementos constituyentes que los sustentan para que los maestros tengan claridad sobre qué (...) aporta cada uno de ellos en sus prácticas de aula. Objetivo: identificar elementos constituyentes de los fundamentos conceptuales sobre pensamiento crítico para clasificarlos en modelos según sus finalidades. Metodología: análisis conceptual, realizado desde la filosofía analítica para revisar los conceptos esenciales expuestos por 44 teóricos en sus teorías. Se diseñaron matrices de análisis con 12 constituyentes que permitieron evidenciar los elementos de cada modelo y determinar qué corrientes filosóficas los fundamentan. Resultados: se evidenciaron cuatro modelos: lógico-racional, cognitivo-emotivo, cognitivo-cientificista y sociopragmático, en los cuales han incidido los aportes de grandes filósofos, quienes en su interés epistémico han vinculado la criticidad como elemento esencial en la construcción del conocimiento. Conclusiones: estos modelos aportarán claridad a los docentes, quienes intencionan su trabajo en el aula para formar pensadores críticos que cuestionen y transformen su entorno social. (shrink)

IntroductionDuring the Coronavirus pandemic, a set of daily stressors are being experienced, all this affects people’s mental health, leading them to have a set of emotional disturbances. Little is known about how people’s age can influence their emotional well-being in the face of prolonged stress generate by the pandemic.ObjectiveTo clarify the presence of emotional aspects such as emotional expressiveness and the frequency of positive and negative affections in people with different age in times of crisis.MethodsThe final sample included 297 Chileans (...) between 22 and 68 years old, recruited through an online survey with the appropriate written informed consent. The study was carried out when the pandemic was spreading in Chile.ResultsThe findings revealed age differences in emotional expressivity and the type of affections experienced. The expression of emotions was more affected by negative affections, the age and the gender of the people. While the avoidance of this emotional expression, by age and affections both positive and negative. Age was a significant predictor of emotional expressiveness.DiscussionFindings suggests that the associations between both variables, varied according to the age group of the people. Furthermore, this finding proposes that although older people are facing the persistent and serious threat of COVID-19, they show better emotional functioning. Which would help to better understand the interaction of both positive and negative life experiences in times of crisis. (shrink)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, educational centers and universities in Venezuela have closed their physical plants and are migrating to emergency remote education to continue with academic programs. This empirical study aimed to analyze the predictive capacity of academic self-efficacy and emotional intelligence skills on each of the dimensions of psychological well-being. We employed a cross-sectional predictive design. The sample comprised 277 university students, of which 252 were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years, with a mean of (...) 20.35. Non-probabilistic chance sampling was used. For data collection, we used an anonymous online form, contacted students by mail, and invited them to participate in the study. Questionnaires were available between 217 and 227 days of decreed quarantine in Venezuela. The results indicated average levels of academic self-efficacy, emotional intelligence: clarity, attention y repair, and psychological well-being. We found differences according to sex and age, specifically in emotional regulation and in bonds of psychological well-being favoring men, respectively. Regarding age, statistically significant differences were found in the group of students older than 21 years with higher perception of psychological well-being and in each of its dimensions. Emotional intelligence and academic self-efficacy were found to be significant predictors of psychological well-being and its dimensions, specifically on control, links, projects, acceptance, and total well-being. It was concluded that emotional intelligence and academic self-efficacy are protective psychological resources of psychological well-being that should be promoted at university to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic on the mental health of young people. (shrink)

This paper presents philosophical perspectives related to the concept of boredom from the point of view of its forms and structural modes as developed by Martin Heidegger in his lectures at the University of Freiburg during the winter semesters of 1929 and 1930. We highlight a philosophical stance often overlooked in comparison to more traditional positions in Western philosophical thought—through the proposed hermeneutic-phenomenological processes, this will allow us to interweave their philosophical images with cinematographic narratives that enrich the factual understanding (...) of modernity. For this reason, we assume boredom and its essence, “tediousness”, as the fundamental mood of our era, thus permitting other mobilities of thought that warrant a study of phenomena relating to cultural entertainment as a symptom of the modern disease that distances Dasein from meeting, questioning, and self-care. (shrink)

Antonio Caso, “La existencia como economía y como caridad” (1916). Translated with Jose G. Rodriguez Jr. as “Existence as Economy and as Charity,” in 20th Century Mexican Philosophy: Essential Readings, eds. Carlos Alberto Sánchez and Robert Eli Sanchez, Jr. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).

One of the objectives in the field of artificial intelligence for some decades has been the development of artificial agents capable of coexisting in harmony with people and other systems. The computing research community has made efforts to design artificial agents capable of doing tasks the way people do, tasks requiring cognitive mechanisms such as planning, decision-making, and learning. The application domains of such software agents are evident nowadays. Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their environment as (...) unmanned vehicles, intelligent houses, and humanoid robots capable of caring for people. In this context, research in the field of machine ethics has become more than a hot topic. Machine ethics focuses on developing ethical mechanisms for artificial agents to be capable of engaging in moral behavior. However, there are still crucial challenges in the development of truly Artificial Moral Agents. This paper aims to show the current status of Artificial Moral Agents by analyzing models proposed over the past two decades. As a result of this review, a taxonomy to classify Artificial Moral Agents according to the strategies and criteria used to deal with ethical problems is proposed. The presented review aims to illustrate (1) the complexity of designing and developing ethical mechanisms for this type of agent, and (2) that there is a long way to go (from a technological perspective) before this type of artificial agent can replace human judgment in difficult, surprising or ambiguous moral situations. (shrink)

El prodigioso desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología médicas tiene una vertiente negativa que se expresa en la crisis de la atención de salud y de la relación médico-paciente. Los cambios en dicha relación, la mayor especialización y las nuevas posibilidades de tecnologías médicas llevan a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias y los efectos a largo alcance desde el punto de vista ético. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos EBSCO para determinar cómo repercute el proceso tecnológico (...) en el declinar de la relación médico-paciente en la especialidad de Neurología. Además se revisaron las revistas de Ética y Bioética en su formato impreso de los últimos 10 años. El prodigioso desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología médicas tiene una vertiente negativa que se expresa en la crisis de la atención de salud y de la relación médico-paciente. Los cambios en dicha relación, la mayor especialización y las nuevas posibilidades de tecnologías médicas llevan a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias y los efectos a largo alcance desde el punto de vista ético. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos EBSCO para determinar cómo repercute el proceso tecnológico en el declinar de la relación médico-paciente en la especialidad de Neurología. Además se revisaron las revistas de Ética y Bioética en su formato impreso de los últimos 10 años. (shrink)

La noche de piedra and Los días de Mercurio are, until today, the two novels published of the trilogy La Iniquidad by Alexis Ravelo. They present two different stories and settings in the line of hard boiled and noir and in the best tradition of the Spanish thriller from the 70s and 80s, whose social and philosophical dimensions are recovered through an interesting treatment of the space and the reconstruction of historical memory. Ravelo reformulates the genre with narrative techniques typical (...) of postmodernism. His writing is close to the neopolicial genre in our cultural sphere and moves away from the new crime novel that succeeds in the publishing market. (shrink)

El problema y debate sobre la disyunción de la filosofía y la clínica psicoanalítica es un fenómeno que ha traído diversas discusiones desde ambas aristas teóricas. En el presente documento se abordan algunas de las contribuciones más recientes al debate filosófico en implicancia con las modificaciones de la clínica psicoanalítica actual. Nuestro objetivo fue mediante un análisis documental con miramiento teóricocrítico contribuir al esclarecimiento de las herramientas fundamentales que la filosofía entrega a la modificación de la teoría y práctica psicoanalítica. (...) Para tal efecto, hemos trazado un recorrido histórico general a las modificaciones y argumentos que a lo largo de la historia del psicoanálisis hanido emergiendo. Finalmente, exponemos algunos de los debates y tesis pendientes de continuar explorando, en miras de la mixtura de los saberes y en beneficio de las reflexiones y análisis enfocados en la condición humana, cuestiones que tanto la filosofía como el psicoanálisis tienen como ejes centrales. (shrink)

The assembly of products or components by operators in industries is a complex task with recurring problems. In these processes, operators often make errors that can lead to defective products. Therefore, they need to be inspected later to verify their correct assembly. The main problems are caused by several reasons including high employee turnover, lack of experience in manufacturing specific products or confusion in interpreting instructions to assemble similar components. In this paper, a novel structured language aimed to describe the (...) required actions to manufacture a product in industrial assembly environments is presented. The main contribution is to provide a formal language to feed automatic systems that can verify through visual control whether the actions performed by the operator are carried out following the standard described by this language. In general, the use of this formal language will allow to minimize the negative impact of errors during assembly and to reduce waste in many forms in the industry. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

In a variety of synaesthesia, photisms result from affect-laden stimuli as emotional words, or faces of familiar people. For R, who participated in this study, the sight of a familiar person triggers a mental image of "a human silhouette filled with colour". Subjective descriptions of synaesthetic experiences induced by the visual perception of people's figures and faces show similarities with the reports of those who claim to possess the ability to see the aura. It has been proposed that the purported (...) auric perception may be easily explained by the presence of a specific subtype of cross-modal perception. We analyse the subjective reports of four synaesthetes who experience colours in response to human faces and figures. These reports are compared with descriptions of alleged auric phenomena found in the literature and with claims made by experts in esoteric spheres. The discrepancies found suggest that both phenomena are phenomenologically and behaviourally dissimilar. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se aplicó una intervención socio sanitaria en el asentamiento rural El León de Camagüey basada en los resultados de un estudio anterior, desde la comunicación social, educativa, así como aspectos socioculturales evaluados que permitieron la realización de este estudio. Su objetivo fue implementar una estrategia de intervención basada en acciones sociales y educativas colectadas en un manual que organizó contenidos de antropología socio cultural, psicología, sociología de la salud y trabajo social comunitario, la que fue conducida por profesionales de (...) enfermería como prestadores, cuyo encargo social les asigna una mayor permanencia e intercambio con los pobladores, potenciándose el trabajo comunitario a partir de febrero de 2016,como etapa de sostenibilidad. La investigación constituyó un diseño mixto, con un estudio cuasi experimental sin grupo control combinado con métodos cualitativos. La evaluación final efectuada en el periodo 2017-2018 exhibió modificaciones positivas en indicadores de las historias clínicas familiares de los pobladores, repercutiendo en el Análisis de la Situación de Salud, realizado en abril de 2018 y el entorno comunitario. Se demostró la importancia de la aplicación de la estrategia de intervención comunitaria desde las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, por el personal de enfermería como agente de cambio de desarrollo local y protagonista de sostenibilidad. ABSTRACT A social sanitary intervention was applied in the rural establishment El León of Camagüey, based on social and educational actions collected in a manual that organized social cultural anthropology contents, psychology, sociology of the health and community social work, which was led by infirmary professionals like lenders, whose social order assigns a major permanence and exchange of them with the settlers. The investigation constituted a mixed design, with a study quasi experimentally without control group combined with qualitative methods. The final evaluation carried out in the period 2017-2018 exhibited positive modifications in indicators of the familiar clinical history of the settlers, what reverberated in the Analysis of the Situation of Health, carried in April, 2018 and the community environment. It was demonstrated the importance of the application of the strategy of community intervention from the disciplines of the social sciences, by the infirmary personnel as change agent of local development and protagonist of sustainability. (shrink)

Huescar presents a systematic critique of idealism and modernity, framing Edmund Husserl's phenomenological philosophy as the most refined and far-reaching version of idealism. Contents: Prologue / Julian Marias -- Pt. I. A Textual Exposition of Ortega's Critique of Idealism. Ch. 1. A Conceptual Introduction to Ortega's Critique of Idealism. Ch. 2. Ortega's Straightforward Critique of Idealism Properly So Called. Ch. 3. Ortega's Critique of Phenomenological Philosophy as the Most Recent Historical Form of Idealism -- Pt. II. Ortega's Overcoming of Idealism. (...) Toward the System of Life Categories. Ch. 4. The Categories of Life. (shrink)

En el pensamiento de Foucault se encuentra la composición de una nueva noción de crítica, susceptible de aclarar la cuestión de las relaciones sujeto y verdad y la práctica de su propio pensamiento. La crítica puede leerse como modo de ser y como operador del pensamiento, y de un pensamiento que se toma en su existencia misma, no en «función de documento», sino en su «existencia de monumento», como práctica histórico-crítica. Interrogamos: si, para Foucault, no hay práctica alguna exterior a (...) la verdad, ¿el pensamiento es susceptible de definirse como práctica histórico-crítica de la verdad -de la «verdad-ritual»-? (shrink)

El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en poner en valor un modelo de innovación abierto y responsable para el desarrollo tecnológico. Este modelo permite poner en tela de juicio la cultura científica que entiende el proceso de generación de conocimiento en términos de monopolios y oligopolios, privilegiando en enfoque de arriba hacia abajo. Este enfoque presenta un déficit comunicativo entre los expertos tecnólogos y los demás grupos de interés y afectados por la tecnología. En ese sentido, es importante promover una (...) investigación e innovación responsables, estableciendo de ese modo un hilo comunicativo entre lo deseable y lo aceptable. Además, las tecnologías despliegan su actividad en contextos morales y por lo tanto presentan una dimensión política y social que exige llevar a cabo una evaluación ética. Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación bibliográfica. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se hace un trabajo exploratorio en torno a una de las nociones claves del Programa "Filosofía para niños": la de "buenas razones". Aunque se tienen en cuenta algunos elementos aportados por los creadores del mencionado programa, de ninguna forma se trata exclusivamente de una interpretación de lo planteado por ellos. Se busca, más bien, explorar esa noción con el apoyo de otros filósofos (particularmente Aristóteles y Perelman) y, sobre todo, de ir examinando la noción a partir (...) de situaciones y ejemplos específicos planteados por el autor. (shrink)

Ensayos es el título de una pintura donde su autor se representa modalizando su “yo” como sujeto y tema. En esta misma operación se elabora una pintura de la humana condición, una moral. Se trata de responder a dos cuestiones: ¿cómo es posible en un autorretrato de tinta un estudio de los comportamientos del “hombre en general”? y ¿cómo es posible, para un autor del siglo XVI, construir una moral, que rebasa el nivel de las costumbres y las convenciones, sin (...) una representación comprensiva y, por ende, correlativa a su escepticismo? (shrink)

At present, educational discourses on innovative methodologies make up an enthusiastic panorama that is not exempt from criticism. The aim of this paper is to understand the real possibilities of success for new methodological proposals in a case study focused on the Geography and History classes of a teacher–researcher. The results obtained allow us to identify a central category of analysis, “methodological ineffectiveness”, and two subcategories, “methodological supply” and “methodological demand”. This confirms the importance of exploring the impact of new (...) methodologies based on the factors and voices specific to each educational context. (shrink)

Introduction: Loss of employment is an experience that is lived and interpreted differently depending on a series of individual variables, including the psychological resources available to the affected person, as well as their perception of their degree of employability. Losing one’s job can be one of the most painful and traumatic events a person has to withstand. Following a dismissal, the worker needs to overcome a period of emotional adaptation to the loss. But that period of grieving can also condition (...) the process of job search of the person, and be influenced by different variables, highlighting the age and work experience. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between intensity and type of affliction due to the loss of employment in older workers and their level of employability. Method: We carried out a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 unemployed participants, from 19 to 65 years of age, users of job Orientation in the Public Employment Service of Andalusia (España). Of the total participants, 66 were unemployed and over 45 years of age. They all took the Labour Insertion Potential Assessment Test, and the Texas Inventory revised adapted to job loss Results: Significant differences are shown in the grieving process due to loss of employment between both groups, with the older unemployed living the process more intensely. In relation to the employability potential, differences are found between both groups in terms of availability, perceived difficulties and fears. Interrelationships between total grieving intensity and the importance that older jobseekers give to work are also indicated. Conclusion:Loss of employment and the psychological and health consequences of this situation are identified with those that arise in the grieving process. Older workers present a series of features that determine that their job loss grieving process is more intense and lasts longer than that of other younger workers, regardless of whether the job loss was recent or not. On the other hand, it is shown that the intensity of grieving is related to the decrease of certain variables that are part of the concept of employability. (shrink)

Tras los procesos de investigación e innovación en el campo de la inteligencia artificial subyacen relaciones políticas que pueden ser sometidas a una reflexión ética. La ciencia cívica pone en valor la comunicación como una herramienta para fortalecer los vínculos democráticos entre los entornos científicos y la ciudadanía. En este sentido, el propósito de este trabajo gira en torno a la formulación del concepto de inteligencia artificial responsable impulsado desde los laboratorios abiertos como un espacio deliberativo para hacer posible el (...) cultivo de habilidades cívicas y democráticas en el contexto tecnológico. Proporcionando de ese modo una orientación pragmática y fronética de los sistemas artificiales hacia los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Este trabajo es el resultado de una investigación bibliográfica. (shrink)

En los últimos treinta años se ha transitado desde una concepción del capital humano como una macromagnitud económica a una idea de capital humano corporeizada en el individuo. Hemos asistido a una progresiva infiltración de dicha ideología del capital humano también en la vida de la juventud precaria. Nos centramos aquí en los jóvenes universitarios, para quienes el capital humano, ya de forma hegemónica, dirige y marca sus recorridos laborales y vitales. El análisis de los discursos de estos jóvenes nos (...) permitirá explorar desde la imposición de la lógica de la movilidad laboral, a la sujeción a las formas de "emprendedor de sí mismo" y a la normalización, como parte del proceso de incorporación de capital humano, de formas de empleo progresivamente al margen de los derechos y garantías laborales clásicas del trabajo salariado.In the last thirty years it has been gone from a conception of the human capital as an economic macro magnitude to an idea of human capital embodied in the individuals. We have been witnesses of the progressive infiltration of this ideology of the human capital also in the life of precarious youth. We focus in the university young people, for those who the human capital, already of hegemonic form, directs and marks its labour and vital routes. The analysis of the discourses of these young people will allow us to explore the imposition of the logic of labour mobility, the subjection to the forms of «entrepreneur of itself» and also the normalization of forms of work progressively excluded from the rights and classic labour guarantees as a part of the process of incorporation of human capital. (shrink)